파이썬 문자열 변환 함수: 숫자, 정수, 실수, 바이너리, 16진수, 날짜, 바이트, 리스트

>>> name = input("당신의 이름은 무엇입니까?: ")
당신의 이름은 무엇입니까?: 최강호
 
>>> type(name)
<class 'str'>

str_one_hundred = "100"
str_minus_five = "-5"
 
try:
    one_hundred = int(str_one_hundred)
    minus_five = int(str_minus_five)
except ValueError:
    print(f"Couldn't cast {repr(str_one_hundred)} to a number")
    print(f"Couldn't cast {repr(str_minus_five)} to a number")
else:
    print(f"one_hundred: {one_hundred}")
    print(f"minus_five: {minus_five}")
 
# Output:
# one_hundred: 100
# minus_five: -5

str_alphabet = "abc"
 
try:
    alphabet = int(str_alphabet)
except ValueError:
    print(f"Couldn't cast {repr(str_alphabet)} to a number")
else:
    print(f"alphabet: {alphabet}")
 
# Output:
# Couldn't cast 'abc' to a number

str_three_point_two_four = "3.24"
str_zero_point_one_two = "-0.12"
 
try:
    three_point_two_four = float(str_three_point_two_four)
    zero_point_one_two = float(str_zero_point_one_two)
except ValueError:
    print(f"Couldn't cast {repr(str_three_point_two_four)} to a float")
    print(f"Couldn't cast {repr(str_zero_point_one_two)} to a float")
else:
    print(f"three_point_two_four: {three_point_two_four}")
    print(f"zero_point_one_two: {zero_point_one_two}")
 
# Output:
# three_point_two_four: 3.24
# zero_point_one_two: -0.12

str_alphabet = "abc"
 
try:
    alphabet = float(str_alphabet)
except ValueError:
    print(f"Couldn't cast {repr(str_alphabet)} to a float")
else:
    print(f"alphabet: {alphabet}")
 
# Output:
# Couldn't cast 'abc' to a float

binary_string = "101010"
binary_integer = int(binary_string, base=2)
print(binary_integer)
 
# Outputs: 42

print(f'{binary_integer:#b}', f'{binary_integer:b}')
('0b101010', '101010')

hexa_string = "14F0"
hexa_integer = int(hexa_string, base=16)
print(hexa_integer)
 
# Outputs: 5360

print(f'{hexa_integer:#x}', f'{hexa_integer:x}')
('0x14f0', '14f0')

friends = "[이미주, 방삼식]"
friends_tuple = "(이미주, 방삼식)"
 
print(list(friends))
print(tuple(friends_tuple))
 
# Output:
# ['[', '이', '미', '주', ',', ' ', '방', '삼', '식', ']']
# ('(', '이', '미', '주', ',', ' ', '방', '삼', '식', ')')

import ast
 
list_string = "['item1', 'item2', 'item3']"
 
my_list = ast.literal_eval(list_string)
 
print(my_list)
print(type(my_list))
 
# Output:
# ['item1', 'item2', 'item3']
# <class 'list'>

import ast
 
tuple_string = "('item1', 'item2', 'item3')"
 
my_tuple = ast.literal_eval(tuple_string)
 
print(my_tuple)
print(type(my_tuple))
 
# Output:
# ('item1', 'item2', 'item3')
# <class 'tuple'>

import ast
 
set_string = "{'item1', 'item2', 'item3'}"
 
my_set = ast.literal_eval(set_string)
 
print(my_set)
print(type(my_set))
 
# Output:
# {'item3', 'item2', 'item1'}
# <class 'set'>

import ast
 
dict_string = "{'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2', 'key3': 'value3'}"
 
my_dict = ast.literal_eval(dict_string)
 
print(my_dict)
print(type(my_dict))
 
# Output:
# {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2', 'key3': 'value3'}
# <class 'dict'>

byte_like_string = "b'Hello'"
actual_bytes = byte_like_string[2:-1].encode('utf-8')
print(actual_bytes)  # Outputs: b'Hello'
print(type(actual_bytes))  # Outputs: <class 'bytes'>